THEY SETTLED FOR LOOKING GOOD

A major chemical company recently ran a series of image-changing advertisements designed to convince the public that it was concerned about the environment. The television evening news carried the story of a group of protesters who weren't convinced that the company was as concerned as it claimed to be. One protester held up a sign that named the company. It read: We won't be fooled. Clean up your act, not just your image.

The protester's sign reminds me of what Jesus said to the Pharisees. Luke 11:39 likens them to a group of dishwashers who clean the outside of a container, while leaving the inside dirty. He said, "Now you Pharisees make the outside of the cup and dish clean, but your inward part is full of greed and wickedness. Foolish ones! Did not He who made the outside make the inside also? But rather give alms of such things as you have; then indeed all things are clean to you" (vv.39-41).

Jesus was referring to the careful and technically exact ritual of handwashing that Pharisees practiced before sitting down to a meal. They washed before eating and between courses not for cleanliness reasons, but because they prided themselves in fulfilling their ceremonial law. Jesus knew, however, that the "ritually clean" religion of the Pharisees didn't go below the surface. Their image was good, but their act was bad.

Religion never changes the heart of the problem. It deals with surface issues. That's why on another occasion Jesus told a Pharisee and ruler of the Jews that he needed to be born again (an internal, spiritual birth) if he was ever going to see and be a part of God's kingdom (John 3).

Prayers, communions, confirmations, baptisms, or volunteering for church causes may look good. Standing on form, however, won't fool God. Jesus said, "That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit" (John 3:6). Receiving Christ can do what all of the religion in the world could never do (John 3:16). Trusting Christ changes the heart. It brings the Source of love within us. It's a humbling process. It means acknowledging the worthlessness of our external clean-ups, giving ourselves over to the mercy of God, and trusting Him to do through the Spirit of Christ what we could never do for ourselves.

What Were the Mistakes of the Pharisees?

THEY MADE MUCH OF LITTLE

I envy people who are good at the game of Trivial Pursuit. They have a mind and memory for detail that must give them a great advantage in life over people like me. I sometimes can't remember the name of a friend, or where I put my glasses.

Like all other strengths, however, a capacity for trivia can become a weakness if not kept in check. Jesus described the dangers of getting lost in details when telling the Pharisees that a fault of their religion was to major on minor issues. Luke 11:42 says, "But woe to you Pharisees! For you tithe mint and rue and all manner of herbs, and pass by justice and the love of God. These you ought to have done, without leaving the others undone." In other words, the little things have their place as long as we don't let them get in the way of the more important issues.

The Pharisees were the logicians of Judaism. They made a science of carrying the Law to its logical conclusions. They prided themselves in their ability to think a matter through down to the smallest detail. When they tithed, for instance, they gave a percentage of all their increase. If they owed God a tenth of the harvest, they would give God 10 percent of everything, including their herbs, even though the Law specifically said that it was not necessary to do so.

The Pharisees' willingness to do more than what was required was not bad. Their mistake was that in attending to details they forgot to love. According to Jesus, that means they ended up missing the whole point of the Law (Matt. 22:37-40).

The Pharisees were like the man who goes to the auto dealer to buy a new car. While there, he notices some accessories that seem to be just what he needs to add a touch of class to his new "wheels." An hour later he leaves the showroom with a smile, clutching his purchase of a coffee mug, dash compass, map holder, and manufacturer's key chain. Like the Pharisees, he leaves with more than he came for--and less. With trinkets in hand, he gets in his old car and heads for home.

Religion, as good and necessary as it is, can fill us up with lesser details that easily get the better part of our attention. What makes the problem difficult to detect is that the process of getting good at the fine points of Bible study, prayer, or giving can feel like it's working when it isn't. There is no substitute for a heart of love and justice that reflects a right relationship with God Himself.

A few years after Christ, the apostle Paul repeated Jesus' teaching to distracted Christians in Corinth. He made it clear that even spiritual gifts, knowledge, faith, and self-sacrifice are trivial pursuits if done without the love of God (1 Cor. 13).

What Were the Mistakes of the Pharisees?

THEY LOVED THE APPROVAL OF OTHERS

Religion can be one of the biggest ego trips around. What deserves more honorable mention than to be recognized as a good and godly person? Or what plays more to our sense of self-importance and pride than to be thought of as someone of whom God approves?

It might seem better to be recognized as a good person than as a godless one. Wouldn't it be better to be known as a priest or pastor than as a pornographer or prostitute? Maybe not. Jesus said that unless something changed, the Pharisees were going to the same hell as the godless. The only difference was that Jesus reserved His severest criticism for religious people who were using their spiritual reputation to get social attention and honors. To the religionist Jesus said, "Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seats in the synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces" (Luke 11:43).

We all love to be appreciated by others. We love to be approved by those who see something praiseworthy in us. That's not bad. What is bad, however, is when the opinions of others become more important to us than the opinions of God. What is dangerous is when the flattery and approving attention of others becomes like a narcotic, numbing us to our lack of love for others, to the presence and mind of God, and to the fact that in our sober moments we know that our reputation is far better than we are.

Being good at the rules of religion enables us to get the praise of men. Submitting to Christ, however, is the only way to have the favor of God. This is true even after a person has accepted Christ and entered into the religion of the church. The question of whether we are going to play to the grandstands or to God continues to be an issue for as long as we live.

The apostle Paul knew what it was like to struggle with human criticism and to be found unacceptable by members of one's own spiritual family. That's why he wrote to Christian critics in Corinth, saying, "But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you or by a human court. In fact, I do not even judge myself. For I know of nothing against myself, yet I am not justified by this; but He who judges me is the Lord" (1 Cor. 4:3-4). Later, in a second letter to Corinth, Paul wrote, "For we dare not class ourselves or compare ourselves with those who commend themselves. But they, measuring themselves by themselves, and comparing themselves among themselves, are not wise" (2 Cor. 10:12).

Paul had learned to take criticism with grace, not because it didn't hurt but because he had found that human recognition and honour don't count (Phil. 3:1-10). All that counts is hearing Christ say, "Well done, good and faithful servant." Paul had been a Pharisee. He knew the difference between being recognized by religion or being approved by Christ.

What Were the Mistakes of the Pharisees?

THEY PRACTICED COVER-UP RATHER THAN DISCLOSURE

"Hi, my name is Joe, and I'm an alcoholic." It's first base in the Alcoholics Anonymous path of recovery. Unfortunately, it's also an element of humility that is all too often missing in religion. One of the most common feelings among churchgoers is the disconnected sense of being with people who aren't being real. They feel shoulder-to-shoulder but far apart from people who put on Sunday clothes and Sunday faces to go through the motions of Sunday worship. Many like it that way. Others, however, are crying out on the inside. "Wait. This isn't right. This isn't real. We've all got problems. Why can't we admit our struggles with worry, anger, fear, envy, bitterness, shame, and lust so we can encourage and comfort and hold each other accountable?

Jesus would agree. He said, "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like graves which are not seen, and the men who walk over them are not aware of them" (Luke 11:44).

The following story from The People's Almanac #2 illustrates a similar problem of dishonesty: "Once when Prussian King Frederick the Great visited Potsdam Prison, every convict he spoke to claimed to be innocent. Finally he came across one man under sentence of death for stealing who simply said, 'Your Majesty, I am guilty and richly deserving of punishment.' Frederick turned to the prison governor and said, 'Free this rascal and get him out of our prison, before he corrupts all the noble innocent people in here.' "

From God's point of view, religious people can be like that prison community. Religious beliefs, ritual, and association often give people a way of denying their shame, guilt, and need of a savior. Instead of encouraging people to declare their inability to save themselves, religion gives people a front and cover for their unresolved problems.

Efforts to gloss over our problems with religious activity is a self-protective reaction that goes back to the beginning of human history. After our first parents sinned, they were stunned by their loss of innocence. They used fig leaves to cover themselves and fled among the trees to hide themselves from the presence of the Lord. When the Lord came into the Garden, Adam admitted that he had hidden himself because he was afraid.

People have been hiding themselves behind the trees of religious activity and behind the fig leaves of human effort ever since. Rather than humbling ourselves and admitting our need of Christ's saving death and saving life, we try to do enough religion to compensate for our sins.

What Were the Mistakes of the Pharisees?

THEY ADDED TO LIFE'S BURDENS

Imagine what it would be like to have two kinds of people in the world: brick-givers and brick-takers. Every time you meet one of them, a brick is either added to your pile or one is taken off. Jesus would be one of the brick-takers. The Pharisees would be brick-givers. This function of religion became apparent as Jesus responded to a question posed by a lawyer of the Pharisees (an expert in biblical law on whom the Pharisees depended). He said, "Woe to you also, lawyers! For you load men with burdens hard to bear, and you yourselves do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers" (Luke 11:46).

Jesus knew His audience. These religious experts attached hundreds of additional obligations to the Law of God. Yet they themselves were masters of the loophole. They even had ways of sidestepping the law of the Sabbath, which forbade carrying a burden on that day. William Barclay quotes pharisaic tradition, which said, "He who carries anything, whether it be in his right hand, or in his left hand, or in his bosom, or on his shoulder is guilty; but he who carries anything on the back of his hand, or with his foot, or with his mouth, or with his elbow, or with his hair, or with his money-bag turned upside down, or between his moneybag and his shirt, or in the fold of his shirt, or in his shoe, or in his sandal is guiltless, because he does not carry it in the usually way of carrying it out."

Religious insiders still practice the art of brick-giving while having ways of excusing themselves from the obligations they place on others. For instance, many religious leaders teach that daily family devotions is a must, while acknowledging that they themselves have reasons for not being able to do it. Many religious people teach that Christians under grace, while not being under the law of the tithe, should start with the legal requirement of 10-percent giving and then add to it. Other religious teachers insist that God hates and prohibits divorce under all circumstances. But they know that God Himself divorced Israel because of her prolonged spiritual adultery, and they know that Moses the Lawgiver permitted divorce because of the hardness of people's hearts (Deut. 24:1-4; Matt. 19:1-9).

By contrast, Jesus consistently upheld the high ideals of the Law while making merciful provisions for the repentant sinner. Jesus understood the healthy tension between the holiness and the love of God when He said, "Come to Me, all you who labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light" (Matt. 11:28-30).

What Were the Mistakes of the Pharisees?

THEY DECEIVED THEMSELVES

I've heard it jokingly said, "I love everybody. It's people I can't stand." The Pharisees acted out a similar phrase without trying to be funny. Jesus said that the Pharisees prided themselves in honoring and building memorials to the prophets. The irony is that when they met a real one, they wanted to kill Him. Barclay says, "The only prophets they admired were dead prophets; when they met a living one they tried to kill Him. They honoured the dead prophets with tombs and memorials, but they dishonoured the living ones with persecution and death."

This is the point Jesus made in Luke 11:47-51 and in a parallel passage in Matthew 23 when He said, "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! Because you build the tombs of the prophets and adorn the monuments of the righteous, and say, 'If we had lived in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.' Therefore you are witnesses against yourselves that you are sons of those who murdered the prophets. Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers' guilt" (Matt. 23:29-32).

The Pharisees had fooled themselves. They didn't think of themselves as prophet killers or Messiah killers. They didn't realize that their empty religion actually made them enemies of God. The flesh has always been at war with the Spirit. Religion is powerless to restrain the self-centered, self-protective obsessions of the flesh. It takes a living Christ to change the human heart.

History repeats itself time after time when people give themselves to religion rather than to Christ--just like the religious people Jesus confronted. With their lips they honor God and the Scriptures, but when a child or a mate confesses Christ as Savior they suddenly see red.

Very religious parents often resent the fact that their child thinks there was something wrong with the religion in which he was born, baptized, and confirmed. Parents who have been churchgoers all of their lives are often incensed to hear a son or daughter talk about being "born again," the very words that Jesus used when talking to a Pharisee named Nicodemus (John 3:1-16). A religious parent, however, who resents the fact that his child wants to follow Christ needs to do some real soul-searching. A negative reaction to a son or daughter who says that he or she has accepted Christ is a fairly strong indicator that the parent is in the same condition of self-deception as the scribes and Pharisees whom our Lord lovingly but firmly confronted.

What Were the Mistakes of the Pharisees?

THEY TOOK AWAY THE KEY OF KNOWLEDGE

One of the greatest dangers of religion is that it causes us to be a danger not only to ourselves but also to others. To the very religious biblical experts of His day Jesus said, " 'Woe to you lawyers! For you have taken away the key of knowledge. You did not enter in yourselves, and those who were entering in you hindered.' And as He said these things to them, the scribes and the Pharisees began to assail Him vehemently, and to cross-examine Him about many things, lying in wait for Him, and seeking to catch Him in something He might say, that they might accuse Him" (Luke 11:52-54).

Here Jesus said that religionists who were against Him had taken away from the people "the key of knowledge." What was the key Jesus had in mind? There seemed to be a number of possibilities. The Pharisees, for instance, took away the key of knowledge from "the man on the street" by (1) replacing the Word of God with tradition and trivia, (2) attempting to discredit Christ (John 14:6), and (3) distracting others from a "right attention of heart" (the "window of light" in Luke 11:33-35).

While the Scriptures and Christ are both keys of knowledge, I believe that Jesus was probably referring to the key of "a right attention of heart," which if it is a right attention will be focused on the Scriptures and Christ. The section of Luke 11 that we've been looking at is preceded by verses 33-35, where Jesus said, "No one, when he has lit a lamp, puts it in a secret place or under a basket, but on a lampstand, that those who come in may see the light. The lamp of the body is the eye. Therefore, when your eye is good, your whole body also is full of light. But when your eye is bad, your body also is full of darkness. Therefore take heed that the light which is in you is not darkness."

In other words, if a person's "lamp" (his eye or attention of heart) is right, then he will be filled with the knowledge of God. But if his "lamp" is obstructed, then a person will be full of darkness (empty of the light and knowledge of God).

While Jesus was teaching these truths about the lamp of the body and the key of knowledge, He was invited to a Pharisee's house for dinner. As it turned out, Jesus completed His lesson around the dinner table. As a dinner guest of a Pharisee, Jesus pointed to the light-blocking obstacles that the Pharisees had placed over their own eyes (their attention of heart). The Teacher showed them that by their religious externalism, their majoring on minors, their love for approval, their selfish cover-up, their legalistic brick-giving, and their self-deception that they had not only lost the light for themselves but also for others. In this way, they had taken away the key of knowledge.

What Were the Mistakes of the Pharisees?

THEY MADE CONVERTS TO HELL

Imagine being given a key by a trusted religious leader. You put the key in a door labelled "destiny," and when you open it you find yourself looking into the flames of hell. The Pharisees were setting up their converts for that kind of terrible surprise. In Matthew 23, a passage very similar to Luke 11, Jesus said, "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel land and sea to win one proselyte, and when he is won, you make him twice as much a son of hell as yourselves" (v.15).

Jesus may have called the religious converts "twice as much a son of hell" because converts are often more zealous for their faith than those who have come to take their faith for granted. Proselytes have made a major change of life and are ready to defend and promote it with fresh enthusiasm. They know they don't have all the answers, but they are trusting their leaders, who supposedly know much more than they do.

This trust would put the Pharisees' converts in real jeopardy. Since Jesus called the Pharisees "blind leaders of the blind" (Matt. 15:14), their followers would be doubly bound. Not only is the new convert still spiritually blind, but he has unknowingly placed himself in the trust of a religious teacher who cannot see where either one of them is going.

The problem with religion is that, in matters of ultimate and most extreme importance, it offers hope where there is no hope. For that reason, an atheist or agnostic is probably in a safer place than the person who has been converted to religion. He is not apt to assume that he has made peace with God. The religious person, however, wrongly thinks he knows what he has to do to make it to heaven, or to walk with God--even if he is not sure that he's "quite there" yet.

The implications are stunningly severe. Religionists like the Pharisees and their converts are headed for a terrible awakening. Jesus assured us of this on another occasion when He said, "For I say to you, that unless your righteousness exceeds the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, you will by no means enter the kingdom of heaven" (Matt. 5:20).

Put yourself in the place of a misguided religious convert. You think you have chosen to be a good person. You recognize the wrongness of those who have no place in their heart for God. You feel pity for those who show by their behaviour and associations that they are willing to risk eternity for a few more hours of forbidden pleasure. You think you've chosen better. You've found a pastor, a priest, or a rabbi that you like. You trust him, and are confident that he is a good man who would never be an enemy of God. You like it when he leads you in religious ceremony that helps you to feel closer to God and better about yourself. But once you put the key he gives you in a door marked "destiny," it's too late.

LESSONS FROM A CONVERTED RELIGIONIST

There were about six thousand Pharisees at the time of Christ. As we have noted, they had a reputation for holding lengthy discussions on such "fine points" as whether it was lawful to eat an egg that had been laid on the Sabbath.

Saul of Tarsus (later known as the apostle Paul) inherited this religious tradition. He described himself as a Pharisee and the son of a Pharisee (Acts 23:6). Before his life-changing encounter with Christ (Acts 9), Saul believed that his standing with God was determined by his relationship to the Law.

After his conversion, Paul defined his standing with God in new terms. Now what counted was his relationship to Christ. He became concerned about faith in Christ, showing the love of Christ to others, and reminding fellow believers that all of us will one day answer personally to Christ the Lord.

When it came to arguable issues of scriptural application, Paul was no longer preoccupied with the legal rulings of the scribes. Instead he pled with other members of the family of God not to judge one another in questionable matters. In his letter to the Romans he wrote, "Who are you to judge another's servant? . . . So then each of us shall give account of himself to God. Therefore let us not judge one another anymore, but rather resolve this, not to put a stumbling block or a cause to fall in our brother's way (14:4,12-13).

Many of us need to learn from Paul's "after Christ" point of view. In an attempt to protect ourselves from compromise, we adopt his "pre-Christ" perspective. Adopting the way of the Pharisees, we have developed our own lists of what a follower of Christ will or will not do. The only trouble is that someone could keep every point on some of our lists and still be no closer to God. A person could "religiously" refrain from alcohol, rock music, tobacco, gambling, and going to movies and still be godless. A person could attend church, give money, offer prayers, and read the Bible while still being angry, critical, and mean.

What counts, however, is what comes from the Spirit, not what comes from the flesh. Christ like attitudes of love are so different from our natural inclinations that they drive us to the Spirit of Christ for wisdom, enablement, and a fresh assurance of forgiveness. It is better to let our struggle with unkeepable principles drive us to Christ than to occupy ourselves with the formalities of religion and miss Him altogether.

THE DANGERS OF APPLICATION

Many of us believe that Bible study must be accompanied by questions like, "What difference does it make?" and "How does it apply to my life?" We have seen how prior generations could preoccupy themselves with a study of Revelation, Daniel, and the Minor Prophets without coming to terms with the problems that were making them anxious, hierarchical, competitive, unemotional, demanding, critical, mean, and possessive.

Certainly, it is good to struggle with questions like, "What will this truth look like in my life?" But that is also how prior generations came up with their lists of what Christian living "looks like." They don't smoke (unless they're burning with anger), they don't drink (unless they're getting wired with coffee), they don't enjoy questionable entertainment (unless it involves gossip). That's what the Pharisees were so good at.

When rules of application become our principles, and when actions replace attitudes of the heart, we have probably given in to a religion that has replaced Christ rather than one that serves Him.

WHY IT MAKES SENSE TO KEEP OUR FOCUS ON CHRIST

In exchange for our trust in Him, Christ does many things for us that religion cannot do. For example:

• He loves us (John 15:13; Rom. 8:35).

• He brings us to God (1 Tim. 2:5).

• He brings God to us (Col. 1:15).

• He bought us for God (Eph. 1:7).

• He defends us before God (1 John 2:1).

• He declares us "not guilty" (Rom. 3:24; 5:1).

• He reconciles us to God (2 Cor. 5:19).

• He sets us apart for God (1 Cor. 1:30).

• He gives us peace with God (Rom. 5:1).

• He makes us acceptable to God (Eph. 1:6).

• He forgives us (Eph. 1:7).

• He frees us from bondage (Rom. 8;2).

• He qualifies us for adoption (Eph. 1:5).

• He makes us heirs of God (Eph. 1:11).

• He gives us His Spirit (John 14:16-17).

• He gives us a new focus (Col. 3:1-2).

• He lives within us (Col. 1:27).

• He brings us into God's family (John 1:12).

• He intercedes for us (Rom. 8:34).

• He rescues us from Satan's power (Col. 1:13).

• He places us into God's kingdom (Col. 1:13).

• He gives us eternal life (Rom. 6:23).

• He shows us how to live (1 John 2:6).

A STUDY IN CONTRASTS

There are two sides to many issues in Scripture. This is true of the subject of religion. In order to keep a balanced view, it is important for us to live with the tension that holds two seemingly contradictory ideas in place.

Religion is important. The Bible is full of religious practices that either (1) point us to God or (2) provide a channel for expressing our relationship to God. Both Old and New Testaments are full of religious law, principle, belief, and ritual. If we think of religion as action or conduct indicating belief in, reverence for, and a desire to please God, then it is clear that this religion provides:

• a pattern of doctrine and belief (Titus 2:1)

• shared experience (Acts 2:37-47; Heb. 10:25).

• outward show of inner faith (1 John 3:17-18).

Religion is dangerous, not because it is bad but because it is often good enough to turn our trust away from Christ. Our tendency is to reject confidence in what Christ can do and replace it with something that we can do for ourselves.

THE TEST OF OUR RELIGION

Imagine that you are making application for heaven. What would you list as your qualifications?

• I have always believed in God.

• I'm thought of as a religious person.

• I have tried to live a good life.

• I have been baptized.

• I go to church.

• I haven't done anything really bad.

• I have friends who will vouch for me.

This is the confidence of the apostle Paul who, to distinguish between religion and Christ, wrote: "For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast. For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works [pure religion], which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them" (Eph. 2:8-10).

DEFINING OUR TERMS

Christ--the second person of the triune God who became a member of the human race, lived a sinless life, was crucified, and rose from the dead to offer salvation to all who put their trust in Him.

Communion--a symbolic ceremony of bread and wine to remind believers of Christ's death for them.

Cross--the form of execution by which Christ suffered and died in our place to pay for our sins.

Faith--personal trust which, when placed in the person of Christ, forms the heart of true religion.

Justification--to be "declared righteous." In salvation, God extends to all who trust in Christ the legal status of being right with Him.

Legalist--someone who trusts the Law to do for him what only Christ can do.

Religion--a system of thought and conduct expressing belief in God.

Religionist--someone who trusts religion to do for him what only Christ can do.

Repentance--a change of mind evidenced by a change of behaviour.

Resurrection--the act by which Christ rose bodily from death, showing the value of His sacrifice and His ability to live His life through all who trust Him.

Salvation--God's loving offer to save from the past, present, and future effects of sin everyone who puts his faith in Christ.

Sin--any violation of God's moral laws; carries the penalty of eternal death.

Water baptism--a symbolic ceremony that is an outward declaration of personal belief in Christ.